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1. Mention what is SAP HANA?
SAP HANA stands for High
Performance Analytical Appliance- in-memory computing engine. HANA is linked to
ERP systems; Frontend modeling studio can be used for replication server
management and load control.
2. What is the development language used by SAP HANA?
Development
language used by SAP HANA is C++
3. Name the operating system SAP
HANA supports.
More
than 70% of customers run their SAP workloads on Linux with the use of SUSE
Linux Enterprise Server, which is the best OS choice for SAP HANA.
4. Does HANA/IMDB replace Oracle?
Once the business
suite keeps
running on IMDB, Oracle won’t be required any more by SAP clients who purchase
HANA. This doesn’t affect anything in the short term because those people
buying HANA today will still need an Oracle ERP system.
5. Mention the two types of Relational Data stored in HANA?
The two types of
relational data stored in HANA includes
Row store
Column Store
6.
Explain the column and Row store in HANA?
HANA supports both type
of data store in database. Row store is used when you need to use Select
statement and no aggregations are performed.
Column store is used to
perform aggregations and HANA Modeling is supported only on Column based
tables.
7. Mention what is the role of the persistence layer in SAP HANA?
SAP HANA has an
in-memory computing engine and access the data straightaway without any backup.
To avoid the risk of losing data in case of hardware failure or power cutoff,
persistence layer comes as a savior and stores all the data in the hard drive
which is not volatile.
8. Explain Parallel Processing in SAP HANA?
Using the columnar data
storage approach, the workload in SAP HANA is divided vertically. The columnar
approach allows linear searching and aggregation of data rather than
two-dimensional data structure. If more than one column is to be processed,
each task is assigned to diverse processor. Operations on one column are then
collimated by column divisions processed by different processors.
9.
What is the operating system supported by SAP HANA?
Currently SUSE Linux
enterprise server X86-64 (SLES) 11 SP1 is the operating system supported by SAP
HANA.
10.
Which companies are providing SAP HANA hardware appliances?
There are total 11
vendors for SAP HANA hardware appliances. Most common are:
- Dell
- IBM
- HP
- Cisco
- Lenovo
11.
What is the use of SAP HANA studio?
HANA studio is an
eclipsed based tool and provides support for development and administration in
HANA system. You can perform HANA Modeling on the top of tables in database,
Data provisioning, HANA Administration and various other activities using HANA
studio.
SAP HANA Studio client
is available for Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 for 32 bit and 64 bit
operating system.
12. What does HANA cost?
SAP hasn’t completely
affirmed HANA permitting costs yet the equipment is some place around $1-200k
for every TB. Add to this permitting costs which are as yet being made on a for
every client premise.
13. Mention what is modeling studio?
Modeling studio in HANA
performs multiple tasks like,
- Declares which tables are stored in HANA, first part is to get the meta-data and then schedule data replication jobs.
- Manage Data Services to enter the data from SAP Business Warehouse and other systems.
- Manage ERP instances connection, the current release does not support connecting to several ERP instances.
- Use data services for the modeling.
- Do modeling in HANA itself.
- Essential licenses for SAP BO data services.
14. What are the different license keys type in HANA system? What is
their validity?
- Temporary License key
- Permanent License Key
Temporary License keys
are automatically installed when you install the HANA database. These keys are
valid only for 90 days and you should request permanent license keys from SAP
market place before expiry of this 90 days period after installation.
Permanent License keys
are valid till the predefine expiration date. License keys specify amount of
memory licensed to target HANA installation.
15.
What do you understand by SAP HANA In-Memory Computing Engine IMCE?
In-Memory concept of SAP
HANA means that all the data is stored in RAM memory. A conventional database
transfer data from memory in 5 milliseconds however SAP HANA In-memory takes 5
nanoseconds to read data.
SAP HANA uses multicore
CPU architecture and stores data in row and column based storage in HANA
database.
16.
Which operating system is supported by HANA system?
Only operating system
that is supported by HANA is Suse Linux Enterprise Server SP1/SP2 (SLES SP1/2).
17. Mention what are the different compression techniques?
There are three
different compression techniques
- Run-length encoding
- Cluster encoding
- Dictionary encoding
18. Mention what is latency?
Latency is referred to
the length of time to replicate data from the source system to the target
system.
19. Explain what is transformation rules?
Transformation rule is
the rule specified in the advanced replication setting transaction for the
source table such that data is transformed during the replication process.
20.
What is the functional difference between Row and Column based storage? Where
do we use Row based storage and column based storage?
Consider below table-
FCTSales
Row Based Storage:
England
Iphone6
107
India
Samsung Note 6
250
US
Lenovo A110
110
Column Based Storage
England
India
US
Iphone
Samsung Note6
Lenovo A110
107
250
110
Where to use Row based
storage?
Select * from FCTSales
where Country=’US’
Where to use Column
based storage?
Select SUM (Units_sold)
from FCTSales where Product=’Lenovo A110’
21. Explain how you can avoid un-necessary information from being
stored?
To avoid un-necessary
information from being stored, you have to pause the replication by stopping
the schema-related jobs.
22. Mention what is the role of master controller job in SAP HANA?
The job is arranged on
demand and is responsible for
- Creating database triggers and logging table into the source system
- Creating Synonyms
- Writing new entries in admin tables in SLT server when a table is replicated/loaded
23. Explain what happens if the replication is suspended for a
longer period of time or system outage of SLT or HANA system?
If the replication is
suspended for a longer period of time, the size of the logging tables
increases.
24.
What are the different components in SAP HANA Architecture? What is the use of
Index server?
- Index server
- Name server
- Statistical server
- Preprocessor server
- XS Engine
- SAP host Agent
- LM structure
- SAP solution manager diagnostic agent
Index server contains
engine to process data in HANA database. These data engines are responsible to
handle all SQL/MDX statement in HANA system. Index server also contains Session
and Transaction Manager which is responsible to manage all running and
completed transactions.
25.
What is the use of Persistence layer in SAP HANA system?
Persistence layer
provides inbuilt mechanism for disaster recovery in HANA system. It ensures
that database is restored to most recent state in case of a system failure.
Persistence layer also
manages data, transaction and configuration logs and backup of these files. A
backup of data and log files are performed at save points and is normally
scheduled every 5-10 minutes.
26. Mention what is the role of the transaction manager and session?
The transaction manager
co-ordinates database transactions and keeps a record of running and closed
transactions. When transaction is rolled back or committed, the transaction
manager notifies the involved storage engines about the event so they can run
necessary actions.
27. Explain how SQL statement is processed?
In HANA
database each SQL statement is implemented in the reference of the
transaction. New session is allotted to a new transaction.
28. Name various components of SAP HANA?
- SAP HANA DB
- SAP HANA STUDIO
- SAP HANA APPLIANCE
- SAP HANA APPLICATION CLOUD
29.
What are the different types of permanent license keys in HANA system?
There are two types of
permanent License keys for HANA system:
Unenforced: If unenforced license
key is installed and consumption of HANA system exceeds the license amount of
memory, operation of SAP HANA is not affected in this case.
Enforced: If Enforced license
key is installed and consumption of HANA system exceeds the license amount of
memory, HANA system gets locked. If this situation occurs, HANA system has to
be restarted or a new license key should be requested and installed.
30.
In SAP HANA Studio, what is use of different folders when you add a HANA system
to Studio?
Backup
It is used to perform
for backup and recovery in SAP HANA system. You can check backup configuration
details, run manual backup, to check last successful back performed, etc. for
data and log backup.
Catalog
This contains RDBMS
objects like schemas, tables, views, procedures, etc. You can open SQL editor
and design database objects.
Content
This is used to maintain
design time repository
You can create new
packages and design Information views in HANA system. Various views can be
created under content tab to meet business requirement and to perform
analytical reports on the top of the Modeling views.
Provisioning
This is used for Smart
data access to connect to other databases like HADOOP, TERADATA and SYBASE.
Security
This is used to define users
and to assign roles. You can define various privileges on different users using
Security tab. You can assign Database and Package privileges to different users
to control the data access.
31.
What is the difference between Open Data Preview and Open Definition?
Open Data Preview
This is used to see the
data stored in an object- table or a modeling view. When you open data preview,
you get three options:
Raw data
Distinct Values
Analysis
Open Definition
This is used to see the
structure of the table − column name, column data type, keys, etc.
32. What is a new calculated column in a HANA modeling view?
New calculated column is
defined as a column added on the fly in Analysis tab when a view is activated.
This column doesn’t exist at database level or in Data Foundation or Star Join
level.
33. Why materialized aggregates are not required in HANA?
Since the SAP HANA
database resides entirely in-memory all the time, additional complex
calculations, functions and data-intensive operations can happen on the data
directly in the database. Hence materialized aggregations are not required.
It also provides
benefits like
Simplified data model
Higher level of
concurrency
Simplified application
logic
34. What is ad hoc analysis?
In traditional data
warehouses, such as SAP BW, a lot of pre-aggregation is done for quick results.
That is the administrator (IT department) decides which information might be
needed for analysis and prepares the result for the end users. This results in
fast performance but the end user does not have flexibility.
The performance reduces
dramatically if the user wants to do analysis on some data that is not already
pre-aggregated. With SAP HANA and its speedy engine, no pre-aggregation is
required. The user can perform any kind of operations in their reports and does
not have to wait hours to get the data ready for analysis.
35.
How you can connect SAP HANA to Microsoft Excel?
MDX Provider is used to
connect MS Excel to SAP HANA database system. It provides driver to connect
HANA system to Excel and is further used for data modeling. You can use
Microsoft Office Excel 2010/2013 for connectivity with HANA for both 32 bit and
64 bit Windows.
36.
How you can limit the size of data backup files in HANA system?
This can be done in File
Based data backup settings. In Backup tab, go to Configuration → Limit Maximum
file Size check box and enter the file size.
37.
What are different recovery mechanism can be performed in HANA system?
Most Recent State: Used for recovering
the database to the time as close as possible to the current time. For this
recovery the data backup and log backup have to be available since last data
backup and log area are required to perform the above type recovery.
Point in Time: Used for recovering
the database to the specific point in time. For this recovery the data backup
and log backup have to be available since last data backup and log area are
required to perform the above type recovery.
Specific Data Backup: Used for recovering
the database to a specified data backup. Specific data backup is required for
the above type of recovery option.
Specific Log Position: This recovery type is an
advanced option that can be used in exceptional cases where a previous recovery
failed.
38. How to manage HANA users step by step?
A user has to be
assigned the necessary privileges in order to work with SAP HANA database.
Predefined privileges are available and ready to be granted to specific users
such as Operation-users, Monitoring-User, backup-user.
39. What is Configuration and Monitoring Dashboard?
It is an application
that runs on SLT replication server to specify configuration information (such
as source system, target system, and relevant connections) so that data can be
replicated. It can also use it to monitor the replication status (transaction
LTR).
Status Yellow: It may
occur due to triggers which are not yet created successfully.
Status Red: It may occur
if master job is aborted (manually in transaction SM37).
40. What is the best way to manage, operate, and monitor SAP HANA systems?
SAP HANA is a
young database with interesting features of SAP HANA. First of all SAP HANA is
a in-memory database. It is accessible for administration via various channels.
Directly from the Server, It is not the most convenient method but you can use
HDBSQL to manage databases. With the web based interface HANA cockpit you can
browse and manage SAP HANA environments. The Client HANA Studio is the most
complete tool to administer SAP HANA but it has to be physically installed and
therefore is dependent of the client hardware.
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